Did you know an electric shock can happen in an instant, even during an ordinary activity? Its effects aren't always immediately visible, which is what makes it so unpredictable. Understanding how electric shocks happen can help you recognize the risks and adopt safe habits every day.
What is an electric shock?
An electric shock occurs when current passes through the body. This is called an electric shock, or electrical contact accident. In the most serious cases, it can lead to electrocution—an electric shock that causes significant bodily harm or even death.
The severity of an electric shock depends on the intensity of the current. The more conductive the surrounding environment, the lower the resistance. This allows a stronger current to flow, increasing the risk of serious injury. Just like water and metal, the human body conducts electricity. Everyday situations that can increase the risk of electric shock include:
- Handling an electrical device with wet hands
- Using electrical equipment near water
- Touching a poorly insulated metal surface or one connected to a faulty electrical installation
Did you know?
Electric current follows the path of least resistance as it passes through the body. Depending on its course, different organs can be affected, even after brief contact.
Is it dangerous?
Yes. Even a minor shock can have serious consequences. When electric current passes through the body, it can affect the muscles, heart and nervous system. Some effects are immediate, while others may not appear until hours or even months later.
That's why every electric shock should be taken seriously, even if it seems minor or painless at first and there are no visible burns.
How can an electric shock affect the body?
Immediate effects
An electric shock can cause a tingling sensation and muscle spasms. In some cases, the person is unable to let go of the source of the electrical current, prolonging their exposure.
The current can also cause burns that are:
- Visible on the surface of the skin
- Internal or invisible to the naked eye but just as serious because they can damage tissues, nerves, muscles and organs
In the most serious cases, an electric shock can lead to:
- Loss of consciousness
- Irregular heartbeat
- Cardiac arrest
Indirect injuries are also possible. The force of the shock can trigger violent muscle contractions or throw a person to the ground, causing a fall, fracture or other traumatic injury.
Delayed effects
The effects of an electric shock aren't always immediate. Heart problems can appear several hours after the incident. The nervous system can also be affected, sometimes over a period of weeks, months or even years.
Other unexpected effects, like memory loss, emotional changes, vision problems, balance issues and tinnitus, are also possible. That's why it's always best to see a doctor after an electric shock.
What affects the severity of an electric shock?
Every electric shock is different. Several factors determine how it affects the body.
The intensity of the current plays an important role: the stronger it is, the greater the risk. The length of time a person is exposed to the current also matters. The longer the exposure, the more serious the effects can be.
The path the current takes through the body also affects which organs are affected. Other factors, such as humidity, the ground underfoot and the equipment being used, also play a role.
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Possible effects of an electric shock on the body
Read time: 5 minutes
How can you prevent shocks?
Prevention is the best protection! A few simple habits can go a long way toward significantly reducing the risk of electric shock:
- Make sure electrical outlets, extension cords and other electrical equipment are in good condition.
- Ensure your home's electrical installation complies with the Québec Electrical Code.
- Stay away from water when using electrical devices.
- Wear shoes and gloves to provide an extra layer of protection against electric current.
- Always keep yourself, your tools and equipment at least three metres away from power lines.
To learn more about recognizing potentially dangerous situations, read our tips to avoid electricity-related accidents and the dos and don'ts to avoid electric shocks at home.
An electric shock can happen in an instant, but its effects can last a long time. Understanding the risks is the first step toward preventing them and knowing what to do when a dangerous situation arises.
The four factors in an electric shock
Like water and metal, the human body is a conductor of electricity. Therefore, it’s important to avoid situations where you might come into contact with electricity. One thing is for sure: when there is contact, electricity is always faster than you! Fortunately, preventing electrical accidents is very easy. It’s a matter of avoiding dangerous situations where you might come into contact with electricity.
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